https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB <p>The aim of <strong>Annual Research &amp; Review in Biology (ARRB) (ISSN: 2347-565X) (Previous name: Annual Review &amp; Research in Biology, ISSN: 2231-4776)</strong> is to publish high quality papers (<a href="https://journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/general-guideline-for-authors">Click here for Types of paper</a>) with broad areas of Aerobiology, Agriculture, Anatomy, Astrobiology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Bioinformatics, Biomathematics or Mathematical Biology, Biomechanics, Biomedical research, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Building biology, Botany, Cell biology, Conservation Biology, Cryobiology, Developmental biology, Food biology, Ecology, Embryology, Entomology, Environmental Biology, Epidemiology, Ethology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Herpetology, Histology, Ichthyology, Integrative biology, Limnology, Mammalogy, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Mycology, Neurobiology, Oceanography, Oncology, Ornithology, Population biology, Population ecology, Population genetics, Paleontology, Pathobiology or pathology, Parasitology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Psychobiology, Sociobiology, Structural biology, Virology and Zoology. </p> <p><strong>NAAS Score: 4.90 (2025)</strong></p> SCIENCEDOMAIN international en-US Annual Research & Review in Biology 2347-565X https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2341 <p>Mitochondria are essential for the energy metabolism, regulation of apoptosis, and signalling of cells.&nbsp; The double-membrane mitochondria and its dynamic morphology are essential sites for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, citric acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation and other metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dynamics pertains to the evolving processes of fission, fusion, mitophagy, and transport, which are essential for proper signal transduction and metabolic functioning within a cell. A disruption in the dynamics can result in atypical cellular outcomes and a variety of human illnesses. In cancerous cells, mitochondria have a different structure and function compared to normal cells and play a significant role in metabolic reconfiguration. Various proteins and changes in membranes are characteristics of cancer. This review seeks to offer a detailed overview of these mechanisms by introducing fundamental dynamics, metabolic processes, and signaling pathways in mitochondria, particularly concerning Cancer.Understanding these mechanisms and signalling mechanisms will provide deeper insights into their role in cancer and treatment. Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer therapeutics is gaining momentum due to several advantages. In summary, mitochondrial dynamics offer an interesting cell-biology model to study the intricate mechanisms in normal and cancer cells thus aiding discovery of therapeutic molecules.</p> Mahalakshmi B R Priya M D Kiran Kumar H B Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2025-12-01 2025-12-01 40 12 9 22 10.9734/arrb/2025/v40i122341 https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2340 <p>Guava (<em>Psidium guajava</em>&nbsp;L.) is an important horticultural crop in which grafting is widely used to maintain the genetic purity, enhance early growth flowering and fruiting. This study evaluated the effects of four grafting methods such as wedge, side, softwood, and saddle under three propagation environments (open field, mist chamber, and shade net house) during two seasons (October and February) on the physiological and biochemical responses of guava grafts. A Factorial Completely Randomized Design was adopted, and observations were recorded 90 days after grafting. Significant differences (<em>p</em>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) were observed among grafting methods and environments. Wedge grafting under mist chamber conditions in February consistently produced the highest chlorophyll content (30.34 SPAD), photosynthetic rate (18.58 μmol CO₂m²/s), and nitrate reductase activity (76.58 μg NO₂g/h), indicating superior graft compatibility and metabolic efficiency. Saddle grafting under open conditions recorded the highest phenol content (4.55mg/g), reflecting increased stress and reduced graft success. Antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and catalase were also higher in February, suggesting improved lignification and ROS detoxification. Overall, wedge grafting in February under mist chamber conditions suggest most effective for achieving efficacious graft establishment and favourable physiological and biochemical performance in guava.</p> Dinesh A Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2025-11-26 2025-11-26 40 12 1 8 10.9734/arrb/2025/v40i122340