Annual Research & Review in Biology https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB <p>The aim of <strong>Annual Research &amp; Review in Biology (ARRB) (ISSN: 2347-565X) (Previous name: Annual Review &amp; Research in Biology, ISSN: 2231-4776)</strong> is to publish high quality papers (<a href="https://journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/general-guideline-for-authors">Click here for Types of paper</a>) with broad areas of Aerobiology, Agriculture, Anatomy, Astrobiology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Bioinformatics, Biomathematics or Mathematical Biology, Biomechanics, Biomedical research, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Building biology, Botany, Cell biology, Conservation Biology, Cryobiology, Developmental biology, Food biology, Ecology, Embryology, Entomology, Environmental Biology, Epidemiology, Ethology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Herpetology, Histology, Ichthyology, Integrative biology, Limnology, Mammalogy, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Mycology, Neurobiology, Oceanography, Oncology, Ornithology, Population biology, Population ecology, Population genetics, Paleontology, Pathobiology or pathology, Parasitology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Psychobiology, Sociobiology, Structural biology, Virology and Zoology. </p> <p><strong>NAAS Score: 4.90 (2025)</strong></p> en-US contact@journalarrb.com (Annual Research & Review in Biology) contact@journalarrb.com (Annual Research & Review in Biology) Fri, 31 Jan 2025 10:37:39 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.11 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Optimizing Breadfruit Processing for Nutritional, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties: Enhancing Food Security in Nigeria https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2194 <p>Hunger is currently one of the leading concerns in Nigeria, with the current increase in insecurity, high fuel cost and transportation, food shortages are expected except huge increases in food production are accomplished. Breadfruit is a low-cost staple meal that can be grown in tropical areas where hunger is widespread. The aim of this study is optimizing breadfruit processing for nutritional, phytochemical and antioxidant properties: enhancing food security in Nigeria. The raw, boiled and toasted forms of breadfruit were used for this study. The vitamins, phytochemicals and antioxidants content were assayed using spectrophotometer while the minerals were determined using standard methods. The findings showed that the concentration (mg/100g) of vitamin A, D, E, and K were significantly higher for the raw form (1.04,0.59,11.58, and 0.05) in comparison to the boiled (0.61, 0.51, 8.68, and 0.02) and toasted (0.08, 0.26, 3.19, and 0.004) respectively. Potassium, zinc, selenium, and calcium contents were significantly higher in the order raw &gt; boiled &gt; toasted. Phytochemical analysis revealed that phenols and alkaloids were significantly higher in the raw (40.13 and 24.54mg/100g) in comparison to the boiled (19.56 and 17.59mg/100g) and toasted (10.35 and 4.48mg/100g). The antioxidant property showed that glutathione and polyphenol contents were significantly higher in the raw (36.67g/ml, 53.46mgGAE/100g) when compared with the boiled (11.24, 34.76) and toasted (3.57, 8.50).&nbsp; The findings showed that the raw had more nutrients in comparison to boiled and toasted. Finally, processing methods influenced the nutritional, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of breadfruit with the raw having better values.</p> Udiomine Brantley Akuru, Tamuno-Boma Odinga-lsrael, Ndidi Nwachoko, Charles Nnanna Chukwu, Jack Gbenenee Tetam, Prince Aruchi Chikordi Amechi, Boma Gloria Ibiama Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2194 Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 New Information about Spider Variety (Eriovixia panigrahisis) (Arachnidae: Araneidae) Emerged in India https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2195 <p>The purpose of this study is to provide the world new information about spider variety. During our survey, we found three female spiders and one male spider belonging to the <em>Eriovixia</em> genus under the bushes and shrubs of Kusha dangri hill, which is close to Bhawanipatna town in Odisha, India. New information about the new species from genus <em>Eriovixia </em>are presented to India and the world. Out of the 33 species of <em>Eriovixia </em>that have been identified worldwide, this text describes a species that is new to science: <em>Eriovixia panigrahisis</em>, which is named after the author, and also registered in ZooBank.</p> Subrat Kumar Panigrahi, Basudev Bag, Dibyaraj Haripal, Mitrabhanu Meher, Swagatika Rani Bariha, Smruti Ranjan Parida, Raj Kumar Behera, Nihar Ranjan Nayak Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2195 Sat, 01 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Improvement of Agronomic Parameters of Rice Plants Infected by Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) Using Plant Extracts https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2196 <p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the effect of plant extracts <em>Azadirachta indica</em>, <em>Piper nigrum</em> L, <em>Acacia gummifera</em>, <em>Combretum micranthum</em>, and <em>Clenodium vulgare</em> L on rice yellow mottle virus in rice.</p> <p><strong>Study Design:</strong>&nbsp; The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five repetitions. The blocking factor was the sunshine.</p> <p><strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong> The study was carried out at the Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory (LaboREM-Biotech) of the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, between June and November 2020.</p> <p><strong>Methodology:</strong> The rice variety Kogoni91-1, which is highly susceptible to rice yellow mottle, was grown under greenhouse at the LaboREM-Biotech, inoculated with a highly virulent virus from the laboratory's collection and treated with plant extracts.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that rice plants treated with the combination of plant extracts from <em>C. micranthum</em>, <em>A. indica</em>, and <em>C. vulgare</em> recorded higher grain and aerial biomass yields than the positive control and very close to those of the negative control. Similarly, plants treated with black pepper extracts showed a number of spikelets, a yield and an aerial biomass higher than those of the positive control and very close to those of the negative control.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Using plant extracts to combat rice yellow mottle could be an alternative to the application of chemical pesticides harmful to human and animal health.</p> Bakaye Doumbia, Sognan Dao, Adounigna Kassogué, Djeneba Ouattara, Djeneba Nantoumé, Salimatou Samaké, Rokiatou Fané, Cheick Tekete, Amadou Hamadoun Dicko, Mamadou Dembélé, Amadou Hamadoun Babana Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2196 Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Variation in the Rate of Infection of Cattle by Trypanosoma spp. in the Sub-Humid Zone of Mali https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2197 <p>In sub-Saharan Africa, livestock farming in general, and cattle farming in particular, is a source of income for many people. This activity tends to intensify in urban and peri-urban areas. Like many other livestock-raising countries, Mali faces several constraints, including African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT), which affects herd productivity and thus threatens food security. Several factors can influence the transmission of this disease, including the host-parasite-vector relationship, animal phenotypes, and climate. In Mali, the susceptibility of cattle breeds to trypanosome infection has been poorly documented. This study was aimed to determine the factors influencing the transmission of AAT in the sub-humid zone of Mali. Bi-seasonal sampling was carried out in 2011 on 720 cattle taken in a stratified and random fashion. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and the WOO diagnostic technique was used. Factors such as phenotype, season, prophylactic treatment, and infection rate were considered. The results showed that among these variance factors, phenotype, prophylactic treatment, and haematocrit level were positively correlated with the infection rate of cattle (P&lt;0.05%). The variation in the infection rate recorded during the different seasons was not significant (P&gt;0.05%).</p> Astan Traoré, Boubacar Bass, Bintou Ly, Mamadou Oumar Diawara, Rabiatou A. Diarra, Ousmane Ibrahim Koné, Alpha Seydou Yaro, Boucader Diarra Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2197 Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 The Study on Growth and Yield Attributing Characteristics of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Using Foliar Spray of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2198 <p>Chilli (<em>Capsicum annum</em> L.), is one of the most important spice crops in India. It is widely used in many cuisines as a spice to add hot flavour to dishes and sauces. The production of chilli is affected by several factors governed not only by the inherent genetic factors but also by several environmental factors and management practices. Therefore, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Maulasar, Nagaur-II, Rajasthan (Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India) initiated to conduct On Farm Testing (OFT) forassess the effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) ongrowth and yield Attributing characteristics of chilli. The present OFT was carried out at 20 farmers fields of Nagaur district of Rajasthan under supervision of KVK, Nagaur-II, Rajasthan during Zaid season of two consecutive years i.e., 2020-21 and 2021-22. The pooled data of both the years indicated that the foliar spray of naphthalene acetic acid @ 20 PPM increased plant height (70.45 cm), number of branches/plant (14.15), fruit set (49.42%), fruit length (8.40 cm), fruit weight (3.65 g), number of fruits/plant (133.55), fruit yield (292.50 q/ha), net return (₹ 345100) and benefit cost ratio (4.68) as compared to farmers practices (no use of PGR).It isalso observed that days taken to first harvest was almost two weeks earlier with the spray ofNAA. It was 84.50 days after transplanting in treatment (NAA @ 20 PPM) whereas; it was maximum (97.35 days) in control.</p> Anop Kumari, A.S. Jat, Mahesh Choudhary, Mamta Devi Choudhary Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2198 Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Efficacy of Insecticides against Pod Fly (Melanagromyza obtusa) Infesting Pigeonpea https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2199 <p>Efficacy of insecticides against pod fly (<em>Melanagromyza obtusa </em>Malloch) of pigeonpea was evaluated under field conditions. There were 9 treatments <em>viz</em>., T<sub>1</sub>: spinetoram 11.7% SC, T<sub>2</sub>: indoxacarb 14.5% SC, T<sub>3</sub>: chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, T<sub>4</sub>: lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC, T<sub>5</sub>: fipronil 5% SC, T<sub>6</sub>: acetamiprid 20% SP, T<sub>7</sub>: emamectin benzoate 5% SG and T<sub>8</sub>: quinalphos 25% EC and T<sub>9</sub>: untreated control. Two sprays were applied at an interval of 15 days. The performance of each insecticide treatment was categorized on the basis of maggot population. The results revealed that, chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/l water was superior treatment in terms of least average population of pod flies (0.95 maggots/plant) and at par to indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 0.7 ml/l water and spinetoram 11.7% SC @ 0.5 ml/l water reported 0.98 and 1.05 maggots/plant, respectively.</p> V. R. Shinde , C. B. Wayal , S. T. Aghav , N. K. Bhute , M. R. Patil Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/2199 Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000